Heating and ventilating system.



E. H. GOLD.

HEATING AND VENTILATING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION IILBI) AUG. 17, 1909. n Patented June 13, 1911.

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HEATING AND VBNTILATING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 17, 1909.

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HEATING AND VENTILATING SYSTEM..

APPLICATION FILED AUG. l?, 1909. 995,403, Patented June 13, 1911.

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EGBERT H. GOLD,

or CHICAGO,

ILLINOIS.

HEATING AND VENTILATING SYSTEM.

eoaaoa.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EGBERT H. GOLD, a citizen of the United States,residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Heating and VentilatingSystems, of which the following is a specification.

lVIy invention relates to a heating and Ventilating system intendedparticularly for railway passenger cars, and has for its object toprovide certain new and useful improveniente in the devices,constructions and arrangements of the type of heating and ventilatingsystem which introduces fresh air into the car from outside the same,heats the air so introduced and circulates it through the car, whereby,according to my improvement, the heat is more evenly distributed in thecar, and whereby, generally speaking, the car is more suitably,uniformly and effectively heated than in the systems of this characterwhich have heretofore been used.

It has been customary, to take one eX- ample of an indirect car heatingsystem, to provide a railway car with air trunks which run along thesides of the car under the seats and are supplied with air from outsidethe car, to locate within suoli trunks steam radiators, and to providethe trunks with discharge pipes, commonly called guns, which dischargethe air heated by the radiators in the trunks into the center of thecar. The car is, o-f course, provided with ventilators and in this wayit is presumed that the ear will be properly heated and ventilated.Systems of this sort, however, have been found defective in severalrespects. In the first place, the hot air being discharged into thecenter of the car tends to rise through the center of the car on its wayto the ventilators, leaving the sides of the car inadequately heated.The air is discharged with considerable force through the guns and issucked out of the ventilators also with considerable force, and theresult is that currents of hot air are formed which do not reach theportions of the car that are the coldest, that is, the portions adjacentthe windows. It has been found that in very cold weather, with a heatingsystem of this sort in full operation, the sides of the car along thewindows are unpleasantly cold. Furthermore, as the introduction of theheat into the interior of the car through the guns Specification ofLetters Patent.

Application led August 17, 1909` Patented June 13, 1911.

Serial No. 513,282.

is brought about by the motion of the car, as soon as the t-rain stopsthe heating system is made practically ineffective.

The principal object of my invention is to overcome these defects bysupplying by direct radiation, bodies of heat which will keep the sideportions of the interior of the car heated, and which because they arenot dependent'upon the creation of a draft, will be constant whether thetrain is in motion or not, and by also supplying heat, by the indirectmethod, toward the center of the car, but only when the train is inmotion and so requires the additional heat.

The invention has for a further object to provide a new and improvedform of radi` ator for carrying out the above objects, this radiatorbeing constructed .and arranged so as to subserve at once the purposesof direct and indirect heating.

The invention has for further objects such other new and improvedconstructions in heating systems and in a direct-indirect radiator forheating systems as will bedescribed in the following specification andparticularly set forth in the claims appended thereto.

The invention is illustrated in two alternative embodiments in theaccompanying drawings, wherein- Figure 1 is a fragmentary sectional planof a passenger car, illustrating the general features of one form of myinvention. Fig. 2 is a vert-ical sectional view taken on line 2-2 ofFig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrows. Fig. 3 a detail,longitudinal, sectional view illustrating the construction of the airtrunk and radiator. Fig. 4 a vertical sectional view taken on line 4 4of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 a view similar to Fig. l, illustrating a modifiedembodiment of the invention. Figs. 6, 7 and 8 sectional views taken onlines 6 6, 7--7 and 8-8 respectively of Fig. 5, looking in the directionof thel arrows, and Fig. 9 a sectional plan showing in detail theconstruction of the form of radiator employed in this modification.

Like characters of reference indicate like parts in the several figuresof the drawings.

Referring first to Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, 15 represents the floor Of arailway passenger car of ordinary construction, 16 the outer walls ofthe car, 17 the inner sheathing, 18 the roof of the car in which are thecustomary ventilators 19 and 20, and 21 the seats.

of thinl sheet metal.

Air trunks 21a are provided along the sides of the car under the seatsin which are located the direct-indirect radiators of my invention. Onesuitable construction of these devices is shown in the first fourfigures. The radiator consists of a series of radiator sections 22'whichare joined together by the nipples 23. These radiator sections rest uponthe blocks 24 and against the lower angle bar 25 and are bolted to theupper angle bar 26. The sections may be cast with the integral legs 22a.The top of the trunk or passage way so formed is closed by the sheathing27 which is riveted to the angle bar 28 and has its edge turned over toform the hook 29 which extends around and forms a slip joint with thehorizontal flange of angle bar 26. This slip joint accommodates for thedifference in expansion of the radiator and angle bar 26, which are castor otherwise made of relatively heavy metal, and the sheathing 27 whichis The arrangement is such as to provide a radiating surface 30 on theradiator within the air trunk and a radiating surface 31 which isexposed to the interior of the car. The radiating surface 30 may beformed with the ribs 32 and the radiating surface 31 with the ribs 33for the purpose of increasing radiation. It will be understood that aradiator and air trunk of this construction will be arranged on eachside of the car.

Beneath the floor of the car are the cold air ducts 34 which communicatewith the air trunks 21a by slots 35 which are preferably placed aboutmidway of the radiator sections. As will be seen from Fig. 1, there arepreferably the same number of radiators as there are seats, the nipples23 being located directly under the seats. Fresh air may be forced intothe air ducts in any desired manner. For example, I may provide the airpipes 36 at each corner of the car, these pipes having funnels 37 turnedtoward the end of the car, so that the movey ment of the car in eitherdirection forces air into the ducts. The air trunks are closed along theside by the faces 31 of the radiator except at the place where theradiators are connected by the nipples 23. At these places the trunksare closed by the plates 33 which are apertured and to which areconnected the discharge pipes or guns 39 which latter extend under theseats, discharging into the aisle from either side of the car.

Heat may be supplied to the radiators from any desired source. I haveshown, for example, a vapor steam system of a well known type takingsteam from a train pipe which runs the length of the train andcommunicates with the locomotive. The train pipe is represented by 40and from this pipe on each side, a branch pipe 4l leads to a vaporregulator 42 from whence the steam at reduced pressure is conductedthrough a pipe 43, the four-way valve 44 and a pipe 45 into the pipes 46which extend in each direction from the center of the car through theair trunk 21EL and are tapped into the end radiator sections 22. Theradiator drains through a pipe 47 leading from the central nipple 23through four-way valve 44 and pipe 48 to the thermostat chamber of thevapor regulator 42; thereby controlling the admission of steam from thetrain pipe to the radiator in the familiar way. As the construction andarrangement of the vapor regulator and its associated parts areperfectly familiar to those skilled in this art, and as they inthemselves are no part of my present invention, these devices have notbeen shown nor described in detail. other means for introducing` steamor other heating medium to the radiators might be employed.

In Figs. 5 to 9 inclusive I have shown a modification relatingparticularly to the construction of the radiator. The apparatus abovedescribed in which there is a radiator section for every seat in thecar, is a practical installation, but has this disadvantage, that itinvolves casting a large number of radiator sections and making anequally large number of joints between the sections. The apparatus ofFigs. 5 to 9 inclusive is an improvement in this regard. In this casethe radiators 49 are made of considerably greater length, and, in orderto provide for the discharge of air from the trunks through thedischarge pipes 50 similarly located under the seats, are cast with theoff-set portions 5l (Figs. 5, 7 and 9.) The ribs 32, 33 may be omittedat these places. If desired, a radiating loop may be tapped into theradiator at each of these points and extended through the air discharge50. I have shown (Figs. 7 and 9) the radiator formed with an aperture inwhich is screwed the nipple 52 of an ordinary Bundy loop 53. In thismodification I have shown simple and convenient means for arranging theradiator sections so that they will drain toward the center of the car,this construction being obviously suitable as well to the arrangement ofthe radiators shown in the first four figures. Fig. 6, which is asection through one of the radiator sections at one end of the car,shows the radiator section bolted to the upper part of the angle bar 26.In this case the block 24a is increased in height. Fig. 8 which is asection through one of the radiator sections in the center of the carshows the radiator section bolted to the lower edge of the angle bar 26,the block in this case being omitted. Fig. 7, which is a section throughone of the radiator sections between the center of the car and the endof the car, shows the radiator section in an intermediate posit-ion inthe air trunk.

Any l This construction of the air trunk and radiator utilizes to thefull the somewhat narrow space available under the seats, is aconstruction which, because of the slip oint between the heavier andlighter metal parts, takes care of differences in expansion, andfurthermore, is one in which the parts are simple, inexpensive to makeand easily assembled.

The operation of the system above described is as follows: Air fromoutside the car is forced through funnels 37, pipes 36, air ducts 34 andslots 35 into the air trunks 2l, whence, passing along the radiatingsurfaces 30, it becomes heated and is discharged through the dischargepipes 39 and 50 into the center of the car. Space for the passage of theair into the pipes 39 of the first described apparatus is provided forby the narrowing of the steam passage at the nipples 23. The same resultis obtained by the integral off-sets in the longer radiators of themodified apparatus shown in Figs. 5 to 9 inclusive. The system, so far,is an indirect heating system. A direct heating of the car which isconstant whenever the radiators are under steam and not dependent uponthe circulation through the car results from the exposure in theinterior of the car of the radiating surfaces 3l of the radiators; andthe body of heat directly radiated from the radiators at these pointseffectively heats those portions of the car which are difficult to reachin an indirect heating system, that is, the portions of the car alongthe sides adjacent the windows. It will be seen that each radiatorperforms two functions, first to heat the currents of air forced intothe car when it is in motion, second by direct radiation to supplyconstant amount of heat directly to the interior of the car at the placewhere it is needed to supplement the indirect heating devices. It willbe further noted that when there is no draft of air through the airtrunk and into the car, much less radiation is required to suitably heatthe car, so that under such circumstances, as for example, when the caris at rest or when the fiow of air through the air trunk is shut o, thefiow of direct radiation from the radiator surface exposed within thecar may be of such area as to sufficiently heat the car, but when theair trunk Ventilating system is utilized and a large body of cold air isintroduced into the air trunk and rapidly circulated through the car,there is a much heavier tax upon the radiating system, and with myinvention this is automatically provided for by the radiating surfaceswhich are exposed within the air trunk and therefore heats the outsideair before it reaches the interior of the car.

Obviously any suitable means can be used to check or to entirely shut othe flow of air into or from the air trunk so that the radiatingsurfaces may be utilized to the best advantage to meet the varyingconditions of external temperature.

I do not limit myself to the exact forms, constructions and arrangementsshown as modifications might be devised which would come within ymyinvention as defined by the claims.

I claim:

l. The combination with a railway car, of means constituting an airtrunk and a radiator located in the car at one side thereof, said airtrunk being closed on all sides except as hereinafter specified and saidradiator comprising a radiating surface within the air trunk and anotherradiating surface exposed in the interior of the car so as to heat thesame by direct radiation, a plurality of air discharge pipes leadingfrom said air trunk at intervals along the same through which air fromsaid trunk is discharged into the center portion of the car, and meanswhereby a current of air is introduced into said air trunk so as toforce the heated air therein out through said discharge pipes, but onlywhen said car is in motion.

2. The combination with a railway car, of means adapted to deliver aconstant degree of heat to the interior of a car, adjacent the sidesthereof, and for supplying heated air toward the center of the car involume correspondingly varying with the speed of travel of the car.

3. The combination with a railway car, of means exposed within the caradapted to deliver a constant degree of heat to the sides of the car,and means normally operated to heat the car only when the car is inmotion and arranged to provide a supply of heated air to the center ofthe car in volume varying according to the speed of travel of the car.

4. The combination with a railway car, of a plurality of radiatorsections arranged along the side of the car and raised above the floorthereof, inclosing means which closes the space below, above and at thesides of said radiator sections but so as to leave portions of saidradiator sections exposed in the interior of the car, air dischargepipes arranged at intervals so as to discharge the air from the spacewithin said inclosing means into the center of the car, an air ductextending under the car, and means operated by the movement of the carfor forcing air into said duct and from thence into said inclosed spacearound the radiator sections.

5. The combination with a railway car, of means constituting an airtrunk located within said car, said means comprising a radiator in saidtrunk so arranged as to have one radiating surface exposed within thetrunk and another radiating surface immediately exposed in the interiorof the car so as to heat the same by direct radiation, said &

radiator having off-set portions, means for introducing air from outsidethe car into said trunk and air discharge pipes leading from the airtrunk opposite the off-set portions of the radiator.

6. The combination with a railway car, of means constituting an airtrunk located within said car, said means comprising a radiator in saidtrunk so arranged as to have one radiating surface exposed within thetrunk and another radiating surface immediately exposed in the interiorof the car so as to heat the same by direct radiation, said radiatorhaving o-set portions, means for introducing air from outside the carintoV said trunk, air discharge pipes leading from the air trunkopposite the off-set portions of the radiator, radiating loops in saidair discharge pipes which are tapped into said radiator, and means forsupplying the radiator with steam.

7. The combination with a railway car, of means constituting an airtrunk located within said car, said means comprising a radiator in saidtrunk arranged so as to have one radiating surface exposed within thetrunk and another immediately exposed in the interior of the car so asto heat the same by direct radiation, said radiator composed of aplurality of radiator sections and nipples connecting the same, eachradiator section consist-ing of a single casting provided with off-setportions, means for introducing air from outside the car into said trunkand discharge pipes leading from said air trunk opposite the off-setportions of said radiator sections.

S. The combination with a railway car, of a combined air trunk andradiator comprising radiator sections, means for connecting the sametogether, an angle bar which is secured to said radiator sections, and atop sheathing secured at one edge to the side of the car and having theother edge bent over so as to form a slip joint with the angle bar, saidradiator sections having surfaces exposed immediately in the interior ofthe car so as to heat the same by direct radiation, means forintroducing air from outside the car into the space inclosed by theradiator and sheathing, and means for discharging the air heated thereininto the interior of the car.

9. The combination with a railway car, of a combined air trunk andradiator comprising radiator sections arranged at dierent heights so asto give an inclination to the radiator as a whole, means for connectingthe same together, an angle bar which is secured to said radiatorsections, and a top sheathing secured at one edge to the side of the carand having the other edge bent over so as to form a slip oint with theangle bar, said radiator sections having surfaces exposed immediately inthe interior of the car so as to heat the same by direct radiation,means for introducing air from outside the car into the space inclosedby the radiator and sheathing, and means for discharging the air heatedtherein into the interior of the car.

10. The combination with a railway car, of means constituting a closedair passageway located at one side of the car, said means comprising aseries of radiators arranged in said air passageway with radiatingsurfaces immediately exposed to the interior of the car and otherradiating surfaces iminediately exposed to the interior of saidpassageway, means for conducting a heating medium to said radiators, aseries of air discharge pipes which extend from said air passagewaytransversely of the car between successive radiators, and means,operative only when the car is in motion, for forcing air from outsideof the car into and through said air passageway and said air dischargepipes toward the center of the car, substantially as described.

ll. The combination with a railway car, of means constituting 'an airtrunk located within the same which is entirely inclosed except for oneor more air inlets from outside of the car and except for a plurality ofdischarge openings laterally arranged at intervals along the same, saidmeans comprising a radiator located in'said trunk so as to have oneradiating surface within the trunk and another radiating surfaceimmediately exposed in the interior of the car so as to heat the same bydirect radiation, and means for intermittently supplying said trunk withair under pressure from the external atmosphere; said discharge openingsbeing so restricted in cross sectional area relative to the size of theair trunk that the escape of heat therethrough, except under pressure ofair in the trunk, is inappreciable.

12. The combination with a railway car, of means constituting an airtrunk located within said car having an air inlet, said means comprisinga radiator in said trunk so arranged as to have one radiating surfaceexposed within the trunk and another surface immediately exposed in theinterior of the car so as to heat the same by direct radiation, saidradiator having oset portions and air discharge pipes leading from theair trunk opposite the o-set portions of the radiator.

13. rlhe combination with a railway car, of means constituting an airtrunk located within the car having an air inlet, said means comprisinga radiator in said trunk arranged so as to have one radiating surfaceexposed within the trunk and another radiating surface immediatelyexposed in the interior of the car so as to heat the same by directradiation, said radiator having off-set portions, air discharge pipesleading from said air trunk opposite the off-set portions of theradiator, radiating loops in said discharge pipes which communicate withsaid tion, said radiator composed of a plurality of radiator sectionsand nipples connect-ing the same, each radiator section provided withoff-set portions, and discharge pipes leading from said air trunkopposite the off-set portions of said radiator sections.

15. The combination with a railway car, of a combined air trunk andradiator comprising radiator sections, means for connecting the sametogether, an angle bar which is secured to said radiator sections, and atop sheathing in fixed relation with a part of the car and having oneedge bent over and engaged with said angle bar so as to form a slip ointtherewith, said radiator sect-ions having surfaces exposed immediatelyin the interior of the car so as to heat the same by direct radiation,means for introducing air into the space inclosed by the radiator andsheathing, and means for discharging the air heated in said space intothe interior of the car.

16. The combination .with a railway car, of a plurality of radiatorsections arranged along t-he side of the car, pipes connecting saidsections together, inclosing means which incloses said radiator sectionson all sides but so as to leave one surface of each of said radiatorsections exposed to the interior of the car so as to heat the same bydirect radiation, and air discharge pipes which lead toward the centerof the car from said inclosing means opposite the connecting pipesbetween said radiator sections, and means whereby a current of cool airis introduced into the inclosed space adjacent said radiation sectionsonly when the air is in motion.

17. The combination with a railway car, of a radiator located along thewall of the car, means comprising said radiator which constitutes an airpassage way intervening between the inner side of said radiator and thewall of the car, which passageway is inclosed except as hereinafterspecified; the surface of said radiator opposite its inner side beingexposed directly in the interior of the car so as to impart heat to thesame by radiation; and discharge pipes secured to said exposed surfaceof said radiator and extending into the center of the car; said radiatorbeing constructed, at the places at which said discharge pipes areattached thereto, so as to provide spaces for the passage of air fromsaid inclosed air passageway back of the radiator into the severaldischarge pipes, said air passageway being provided with air inlets, andmeans for forcing cool air into said passageway, only while the car isin motion.

18. The combination with a railway car, of a radiator located therein,means comprising said radiator which constitutes an air passageway alongone side of said radiator which is inclosed except as hereinafterspecified; one surface of said radiator being exposed directly in theinterior of the car so as to heat the same by direct radiation; anddischarge pipes which lead from said air passageway at intervals alongthe same; said radiator being constructed atthe places adjacent saiddischarge pipes so as to provide spaces for the passage of air from theinclosed air passageway into said discharge pipes, and means forautomatically forcing air from outside of the car at intervals throughsaid air passageway and discharge pipes.

19. The combination with a railway car, of a radiator which extendsalong and near the side wall of the car near the floor, means whichincloses the space between said radiator and said wall and floor so asto constitute thereof an air passageway entirely inclosed except ashereinafter specified, but which leaves a surface of said radiatorexposed in t-he interior of the car so as to heat the region adjacentthereto by direct radiation, said air passageway being` provided withair inlets; air discharge pipes, arranged at intervals along saidradiator, which are in communication with the air passageway back ofsaid radiator and extend substantially to the center of the car, andwhich afford means whereby the air heated in said air passageway isdischarged into the center portion of the car; an air duct under the carwith which said air inlets are in communication, and means for forcingair into said air duct only when the car is in motion.

20. The combination with a railway car, of a radiator arranged along andnear a side wall of the car near the floor, means which wholly inclosesthe space between the radiator and said wall and floor, except ashereinafter specified, so as to constitute an air passageway, onesurface of the radiator being exposed in said passageway and anothersurface of the radiator being exposed in the interior of the car, airdischarge pipes leading from the interior of said air passageway towardthe center of the car, an air inlet leading from the external atmosphereat a point substantially above the outlets from said discharge pipes tothe interior of said air passageway, and means communicating with saidair inlet whereby a current of air will be forced through said pipesinto the car, but when the car is in inlet into said passageway andthrough said motion a volume of fresh air will be forced discharge pipesto the interior of the car through said passageway across the surfacewhen the car is in motion, but will not norof the radiator exposed insaid passageway inally be so forced when the car is at rest, all soarranged that when the car is at rest the interior of the car.

it will be heated by direct radiation from EGBERT H. GOLD.

the surface of the radiator exposed in the Witnesses: car, during whichperiod there will be no P. H. TRUMAN, appreciable outow from saiddischarge H. L. PEOR.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.

and thence through said discharge pipes to 15

